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Adiabatic diffuser model
08/23/2011.
An adiabatic diffuser is a fixed component that serves to convert into pressure a portion of the kinetic energy available in a gas. When the flow velocity is subsonic, the section of the diffuser increases. The initial relative velocity of the outside air can thus achieve a dynamic compression in the inlet diffuser of a jet engine: the kinetic energy of intake air is converted into pressure.
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Adiabatic nozzle model
08/23/2011.
An adiabatic nozzle is a fixed component that allows one to convert in kinetic energy the pressure of a gas.
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Turbojet driver
04/13/2012.
The turbojet driver allows one to coordinate updates to the diffuser, the nozzle and the compression ratio in the whole project, to calculate the values of specific thrust and consumption per unit thrust, which are not directly provided by Thermoptim, and perform sensitivity studies by saving the results to a file.
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Solar concentrator model
04/16/2012.
The solar flux received by the collector is first reflected on the mirrors of the concentrators, then it generally passes through a glazing material for thermally insulating the receiver where it is absorbed by a suitable surface. Reflection, transmission through the glazing, and absorption result in optical losses, generally characterized by an effectiveness t. In high concentration collectors, only the direct component of solar radiation can be directed to the receiver, as the diffuse component cannot be concentrated.
The absorber heats up and loses heat to the outside mainly in the form of radiation and convection. This loss can be characterized by a coefficient of thermal losses U. A thermal fluid cools the absorber, taking useful heat that is then converted or transferred for different uses.
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External substance "Dowtherm A"
04/13/2012.
This external substance is used to model a thermal oil used as a transfer fluid, particularly in solar concentrators.
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Direct contact cooling tower model
08/23/2011.
The model is based on a global enthalpy reasoning in which are assumed known the inlet and outlet conditions air side and the inlet ones water side.
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Model of the cooling and condensation of a moist gas
08/23/2011.
The cold battery external divider is used to model the cooling and condensation of water in the moist gas. This is a simplified model, which has two parameters, the water temperature and the water extraction effectiveness, which represents the percentage (by volume) of the condensed water related to the incoming water.
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Mixed ionic-electronic conducting MIEC model
08/23/2011.
At high temperatures (above 700 °C), the mixed ionic-electronic ceramic membrane is a conductor, through which pass simultaneously O2-ions and electrons, oxygen being adsorbed on the surface.
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CO2 emissions model
04/18/2012.
This external process can be placed downstream of any combustion chamber. The CO2 flow-rate is calculated from the CO2 concentration and the gas flow-rate, in the same unit. CH4 and N2O are calculated from the CO2 flow-rate, by returning to the corresponding energies.
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Model of a cooling coil with condensation
01/03/2012.
The dehumidifying coil external divider is used to model the cooling and condensation of water in moist gases. This is a specific model, the parameter epsilon is the effectiveness of the cooling coil.
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Saturation of a moist gas model
08/23/2011.
This model is of quadrupole type. The saturator behaves like a moist mixer, and is calculated as such. Saturator class is a variant of the water quench gas humidification model in which we do not know a priori the temperature of moist air nor that of the outgoing water.
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Indirect contact cooling tower model
08/23/2011.
The models we built are based on a global enthalpy reasoning in which are assumed known the inlet and outlet conditions air side and the inlet ones on the side of the fluid to be cooled. The cooling is provided via a thermocoupler.
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Reactor model for CLC cycle (Chemical Looping Combustion)
04/18/2012.
CLC (Chemical Looping Combustion) cycle is one of the innovative power generation cycles using oxy-combustion, where the combustion chamber is replaced by a chamber with two compartments between which flows a metal oxide such as NiO. In one of the chambers, the air is oxygen-depleted due to oxidation of the metal. In the other, the oxide is reduced and the oxygen released burns with fuel. The reactor model we built is purely global. We consider that the temperature and composition of the depleted air are set. It then becomes possible to determine the flow of oxygen transferred between the two reactor compartments.
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CO shift reactor model
08/23/2011.
The water gas shift reaction is often used to convert CO to CO2
CO2 + H2 <-> CO + H2O
It is a catalytic reaction carried out in one or more reactors, slow kinetics, strongly influenced by temperature. It will usually convert the bulk of the CO, but there remains too much for some fuel cells.
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Biomass combustion model
08/23/2011.
This is a simplified model that allows one to simulate different types of biomass combustion, in which it is possible to vary in a fairly flexible way the composition and moisture of the fuel and the conditions of combustion. Class BiomassCombustion can be used both to simulate a boiler and a downdraft gasifier.
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Models of ejectors
08/23/2011.
An ejector or injector receives as input two fluids normally gaseous but which may also be liquid or two-phase:
the high pressure fluid called primary fluid or motive;
the low pressure fluid, called secondary fluid or aspirated.
The primary fluid is accelerated in a converging-diverging nozzle, creating a pressure drop in the mixing chamber, which has the effect of drawing the secondary fluid. The two fluids are then mixed and a shock wave may take place in the following zone. This results in an increase in pressure of the mixture and reduction of its velocity which becomes subsonic. The diffuser then converts the residual velocity into increased pressure.
The ejector thus achieves a compression of the secondary fluid at the expense of a decrease in enthalpy of the primary fluid.
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Absorber for LiBr-H2O absorption cycle
07/07/2011.
An absorber is a component in which enter the vaporized coolant and the weak solution preheated in the solution exchanger, and out of which leaves the rich solution, the heat removed being rejected to the surroundings
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Desorber for LiBr-H2O absorption cycle
11/24/2011.
A desorber is a component that receives a heat flux from the heat source, in which enter the rich solution at high pressure, preheated in the solution exchanger. Fluids exiting are the almost pure refrigerant vapor (H2O), and the weak solution.
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External substance "EauSolute"
06/29/2011.
This external substance is used to model a water-solute solution with a boiling point elevation.
The principle of calculation is to consider that the properties of the solution are those of water at a temperature offset by the value of the elevation, itself a linear function of the solute concentration.
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Evaporator model
08/23/2011.
An evaporator acts as a divider receiving as input the product to concentrate, and from which exit two fluids: mists (water vapor) and the concentrated product.
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Desuperheater model
04/16/2012.
A desuperheater is a device that reduces or nullifies the steam superheating. This model determines the flow of desuperheating liquid required to obtain a set outlet temperature, taking into account potential pressure drops.
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Flash chamber model
07/07/2011.
During an operation of desalination, a process is to perform a flash of salt water, which has the effect of vaporizing a fraction of the total flow-rate and to increase the concentration of the solute.
A flash chamber acts as a divider receiving as input the product to concentrate, and from which exit two fluids: water vapor and the concentrated solution. The room being adiabatic, the enthalpy of vaporization is taken from the aqueous solution, whose temperature drops.
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Reverse osmosis unit model
04/13/2012.
During an operation of desalination, a process is to perform a reverse osmosis.
A reverse osmosis unit acts as a divider receiving in input the salt water under pressure, and from which exit two fluids, the permeate corresponding to the purified water and the concentrated solution.
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External substance "EauSalee" (salt water)
04/20/2012.
This external substance is used to model a salt water solution with a boiling point elevation.
The principle of calculation is to consider that the properties of the solution are those of water at a temperature offset by the value of the elevation, itself a quadratic function of the salt concentration.
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Cooled air compressor driver
09/05/2011.
This driver was built to study the behavior of a cooled air compressor that fills a compressed air storage of given volume under variable pressure. The compressed air is cooled before storage thanks to a water heat exchanger.
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Methodological guides
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